It is more than well-settled, Court has to avoid interpretations which will result in a head-on clash between two Sections of an Act. One provision has to be construed with reference to other provisions, so as to make a consistent enactment. Mahadeo Prasad Bais (Dead) v. Income-Tax Officer ‘A’ Ward, Gorakhpur, (1991) 4 SCC 560 […]
Read more "Backdrop of Dominant Purpose II"It is fundamental, whenever a material alteration takes place in terms of the original contract, on account of any act of omission or commission on part of one party, it is open to the other party not to perform the original contract. This will not amount to abandonment. Moreover, abandonment is normally understood in context […]
Read more "Abandonment"Burberry Ltd. filed a suit under Sections 134 and 135 of The Trade Marks Act, 1999 and Section 55 of The Copyright Act, 1957 for a permanent injunction restraining Aditya Verma from violating proprietary rights. Learned ADJ, Patiala House Courts, New Delhi dismissed Burberry’s suit. Trial Court has completely misdirected itself in placing undue emphasis […]
Read more "Burberry"Union of India v. Avtar Singh, (1984) 3 SCC 589 held, a letter does not record a decision of Central Government under Section 33 of The Displaced Persons (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act, 1954 so as to be a decision by Central Government. State of Orissa v. Mesco Steels Limited, (2013) 4 SCC 340 held, High […]
Read more "Non-Communicated File Notings II"Phrases – such as: ‘question of law’ – are open textual expressions, used in statutes to convey a certain meaning which Legislature would not have intended to be read in a pedantic manner. When words allow narrow as well as wide interpretations, Courts have developed art and technique of finding correct meanings by looking at […]
Read more "Question of Law"It is evident, lotteries and gambling activities, to be termed as such, must inherently have an element of ‘chance’; ‘to take a chance’ is itself synonymous to a ‘gamble’; therefore, it may be concluded, lottery is one such activity which requires a participant ‘to take a chance’ or to ‘gamble’. B.R. Enterprises v. State of […]
Read more "Taxing Lottery II"Predominantly, Indian Judiciary has time and again reiterated, ‘forum shopping’ take several hues and shades but concept of ‘forum shopping’ has not been rendered an exclusive definition in any Indian statute. Indian Judiciary’s observation and obiter dicta has aided in streamlining concept of ‘forum shopping’ in Indian legal system. Court has condemned practice of ‘forum […]
Read more "Forum Shopping II"The purpose of a disciplinary proceeding by an employer is to enquire into an allegation of misconduct by an employee which results in a violation of service rules governing relationship of employment. Unlike a criminal prosecution, where charge has to be established beyond reasonable doubt, in a disciplinary proceeding, a charge of misconduct has to […]
Read more "Disciplinary Proceedings VI"The expression ‘offence’ in Section 19 of The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 would include all ‘offences’ under The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 including ‘offence’ under Section 23. In our society, victims of ‘sexual offence’ are, more often than not, treated as an ‘abettor’, if not ‘perpetrator’, even […]
Read more "Referred to Larger Bench XXVI: Offence"As to what is ratio decidendi has been succinctly explained by this Court in Regional Manager v. Pawan Kumar Dubey, (1976) 3 SCC 334. “Indeed, we do not think, principles of law declared and applied so often have really changed. But, application of same law to differing circumstances and facts of various cases, which have […]
Read more "Ratio Decidendi III / The Revival of Ray LXXXIII"State of Jharkhand v. Brahmputra Metallics Ltd., Ranchi, 2020 SCC OnLine SC 968 observed, Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation, a public law concept, is premised on principles of fairness and non-arbitrariness in State action. Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation emerges as a facet of Article 14. Promissory Estoppel, being a private law concept, can be invoked if […]
Read more "Promissory Estoppel VIII"7-Judge Bench of this Court in Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab, (1974) 2 SCC 831 has held: “The authority may, in some cases, be of view, conduct of probationer may result in dismissal or removal on an inquiry. But in those cases, authority may not hold an inquiry and may simply discharge probationer with […]
Read more "The Revival of Ray LXXXII"A person who seeks refuge under umbrella of Article 25 has to demonstrate not only ‘essential religious practice’ but also its engagement with constitutional values. There is absolutely no material placed on record to prima facie show wearing of Hijab is a part of an ‘essential religious practice’ in Islam. It is not so, if […]
Read more "Hijab I"Though both parties have addressed this Court at length on merits and have also taken us through voluminous documents, we do not find it necessary to go into those issues. Justice S. Murtaza Fazal Ali as well as Justice A.N. Sen in Shah Babulal Khimji v. Jayaben D. Kania, (1981) 4 SCC 8 have a […]
Read more "5 Lakhs for Supreme Court I"Manoj Kumar Khokhar v. State of Rajasthan, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 30 and Jaibunisha v. Meharban, 2022 SCC OnLine 58 after duly acknowledging, liberty of an individual is an invaluable right, held, granting bail, if passed in a casual and cryptic manner, de hors reasoning which would validate grant of bail, is liable to be […]
Read more "Cessante Ratione Legis Cessat Ipsa Lex"Whether, and if so where, an employee should be posted are matters which are governed by exigencies of service; an employee has no fundamental right or a vested right to claim a transfer or posting of their choice; individual convenience of persons who are employed in service is subject to overarching needs of administration. Court […]
Read more "Proportionality in Culture of Justification II"Plaintiff’s two products – BLENDERS PRIDE, IMPERIAL BLUE – and Defendant’s CASINOS PRIDE belong to same segment i.e., Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) and, therefore, cater to same customer base. They are also available from same outlets. But, “one does not blend in a casino, and blenders don‘t play dice.” Arrangement of letters and overall […]
Read more "Imperial Blender’s Casino"Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Agar Malwa asked, whether there was motive of ‘slaughter of seventeen bulls’? No offence was made out. Abdul Vahab was acquitted. But, subsequently, there was a Confiscation Order, dated 09/08/2017, for Abdul’s Truck [MP/09/GF/2159], passed under Section 11(5) of The M.P. Prohibition of Cow Slaughter Act, 2004 and Rule 5 of […]
Read more "Bulls in Truck"When a Writ of Quo Warranto will lie has been dealt with by this Court in Rajesh Awasthi v. Nand Lal Jaiswal, (2013) 1 SCC 501. Retd. Armed Forces Medical Association v. Union of India, (2006) 11 SCC 731 observed, strict rules of locus standi are relaxed to some extent in Quo Warranto proceedings. A […]
Read more "The Writ of Quo Warranto II"Court has noticed a rising trend of cases where parties have attempted to take ‘another bite at the cherry’ by initiating proceedings over various forums, particularly to circumvent jurisdiction of this Court. A purportedly ancillary remedy is urged in another forum as a dilatory tactic or as an attempt at ‘forum shopping’. One of us […]
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