“Court is tasked with determining whether a death due to malaria occasioned by a mosquito bite in Mozambique, constituted a death due to accident. Debashis Bhattacharjee was working as a Manager of a Tea Factory at Cha-De-Magoma, District: Gurue, Province: Zambezia, Republic of Mozambique. In order to constitute an accident, the event must be in […]
Read more "Malaria in Mozambique"“It shall be essential, a party invoking Arbitration shall specify amount claimed and shall furnish a ‘deposit-at-call’ for 10% of amount claimed. In event of an award in favour, deposit shall be refunded to him in proportion to amount awarded w.r.t. amount claimed and balance, if any, shall be forfeited and paid to other party.” […]
Read more "Arbitrariness in Arbitration Clauses"“One neat question arises before this Court, which is, whether, when parties are governed by contract, a claim in quantum meruit under Section 70 of The Indian Contract Act, 1872 would be permissible. Section 70 occurs in Chapter V of The Contract Act. An early Judgment reported as Moselle Solomon v. Martin & Co., ILR […]
Read more "The Law on Compensation for Breach of Contract IV"Original Scheme – Appointment on Compassionate Grounds Substituted Scheme – Ex Gratia Payment ________ State Bank of India, (2010) 11 SCC 661 + MGB Gramin Bank, (2014) 13 SCC 583 Governing Scheme: Original Scheme or Substituted Scheme? Answer/Principle: ‘Inconsistent’, ‘Irreconcilable’. Canara Bank, (2015) 7 SCC 412 ________ “Bench of Appropriate Strength.” Hon’ble Justice U.U. Lalit […]
Read more "Referred to Larger Bench XV: Gracious Compassion"“The policy of compassionate appointment is premised on the death of an employee while in harness. The death of an employee is liable to render the family in a position of financial hardship and need. Compassionate appointment is intended to alleviate the hardship that the family of a deceased employee may face upon premature death […]
Read more "Section 16 of The Hindu Marriage Act / Compassionate Appointment I"07.01.2019 My Lord, Teachers are Employees under Section 2(e) of The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972? “No. Clearly Not. See, Ahmedabad Pvt. Primary Teachers’ Association, (2004) 1 SCC 755.” – Hon’ble Justice Abhay Manohar Sapre, Birla Institute of Technology v. State of Jharkhand, [Civil Appeal No. 2530 of 2012]. _____ 09.01.2019 My Lord, Teachers are […]
Read more "Section 2(e) of The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972"“The material questions, which are required to be gone into for grant of the relief of specific performance, are first, whether there exists a valid and concluded contract between the parties for sale/purchase of the suit property; second, whether the plaintiff has been ready and willing to perform his part of contract and whether he […]
Read more "Relief of Specific Performance"“Every breach of contract gives rise to an action for damages. Innocent party is to be placed, so far as money can do so, in the same position as if the contract had been performed. The aforesaid proposition remains to hold the field. This rule is more qualified when it comes to the real estate […]
Read more "The Law on Compensation for Breach of Contract III"“There can be no doubt, a mere breach of contract is not in itself a criminal offence. However, as held by this Court in Hridaya Ranjan Prasad, (2000) 4 SCC 168 the distinction between mere breach of contract and cheating, which is a criminal offence, is a fine one. Breach of contract would amount to […]
Read more "Section 482 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 III: Deception at Inception"“The issues arising relate to procurement of 36 Rafale Fighter Jets for Indian Airforce. It is our considered opinion/view, extent of permissible judicial review in matters of contracts, procurement, etc. would vary with subject matter of contract and there cannot be any uniform standard or depth of judicial review which could be understood as an […]
Read more "The Nature of Judicial Power: 36 Rafale Fighter Jets"“The Bill of Lading makes it clear that the ‘merchant’ expressly agrees to be bound by all the terms, conditions, clauses and exceptions on both sides of The Bill of Lading whether typed, printed or otherwise. The Arbitration Clause is Clause 25, printed and annexed to The Bill of Lading. Respondent has expressly agreed to […]
Read more "Section 7(5) of The Arbitration Act III"“The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 amended Section 14. In the present case, we are not called upon to examine the effect of this amended provision. The issue before this Court is whether Section 14(3)(c)(iii) is a bar to a suit by a developer for specific performance of a development agreement between himself and the […]
Read more "Section 14(3)(c)(iii) of The Specific Relief Act, 1963"“A surgeon cannot and does not guarantee that the result of surgery would invariably be beneficial, much less to the extent of 100% for the person operated on. The only assurance which such a professional can give or can be understood to have given by implication is that he is possessed of the requisite skill […]
Read more "Medical Negligence and Consumer Law I"Dio non fa mai retromarcia con il suo amore Offences involving ‘moral turpitude’ were in discussion recently in Union Bank of India v. C.G. Ajay Babu, [Civil Appeal No. 8251 of 2018]. You may read Section 4(6)(b) of The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. ‘Moral turpitude’ describes conducts which are: inherently vile, depraved; immodest; shameful and wicked [Pawan Kumar, (1996) 4 SCC 17 and Sushil […]
Read more "Moral Turpitude I"“Writ of Quo Warranto cannot be issued on basis of assumptions, inferences or suspicion regarding factum of fulfillment of eligibility criteria. Being an extraordinary power, ordinarily such a Writ ought to be issued only on basis of indisputable facts leading to a singular conclusion – incumbent was in fact or in law disqualified to occupy […]
Read more "The Writ of Quo Warranto I"Supreme Court considered the ‘incorporation by reference’ issue in M.R. Engineers and Contractors Private Limited v. Som Datt Builders Limited, (2009) 7 SCC 696 (2 Judges). An important proposition in M.R. Engineers was a distinction Court made between “standard form contracts” and other contracts. Relying on observations in Russel on Arbitration, (23rd Edition, 2007) Court held, an Arbitration […]
Read more "Section 7(5) of The Arbitration Act II"“Prior to the decision in Taylor v. Caldwell, (1861-73) All ER Rep 24 law in England was extremely rigid. A contract had to be performed, notwithstanding the fact that it had become impossible of performance, owing to some unforeseen event, after it was made, which was not the fault of either of the parties to […]
Read more "Section 56 of The Indian Contract Act, 1872 II"My Lord, Difference between Amendment and Waiver, in context of The Indian Contract Act, 1872? Amendment It is settled law that an amendment to a contract being in the nature of a modification of the terms of the contract must be read in and become a part of the original contract in order to amount […]
Read more "Section 62 – Amendments and Section 63 – Waivers"“Recently in Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. v. Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., 2016 (8) SCALE 765 a Two-Judge Bench eloquently exposited… “We may add, the owner or the employer of a project, having authored the tender documents, is the best person to understand and appreciate its requirements and interpret its documents. Constitutional Courts must defer to […]
Read more "Tender Law IV"My Lord, 1997 Amendment to Section 28 of The Indian Contract Act, 1872 – Retrospective? No. “What emerges on a reading of the Law Commission Report together with the Statement of Objects and Reasons for the Amendment is that the Amendment does not purport to be either declaratory or clarificatory. It seeks to bring about […]
Read more "Section 28 of The Indian Contract Act, 1872"
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