Product-by-Process Claim

A product-by-process claim is permitted where it is found, it would be difficult to define a product with reference to its structural features. It is acceptance of this facet of such claims which constitutes point of origin of product-by-process claims. For assessing novelty one must disregard the process terms and discern whether the product possesses […]

Forfeiture in Public Auctions

Learned Senior Counsel, Dr. S. Muralidhar vehemently submitted no error could be said to have been committed by High Court. We set aside. Harshness of a provision is no reason to ‘Read Down’ same. _____ Privy Council in Kunwar Chiranjit Singh v. Har Swarup, (1926) 23 LW 172 was referred to and relied upon by […]

Earlier Clause v. Later Clause

A proposition traceable to Forbes v. Git, [1922] 1 AC 2564 was approvingly taken note of by a Three-Judge Bench of this Court in Radha Sundar Dutta v. Mohd. Jahadur Rahim, AIR 1959 SC 24. “If in a deed an earlier clause is followed by a later clause which destroys altogether the obligation created by […]

Default Bail V

There cannot be any disagreement, right of default bail under Section 167(2), Cr.P.C. is not only a statutory right but is a right that flows from Article 21. Once from material produced along with a Charge Sheet, Court is satisfied about commission of an offence and takes cognizance of that offence allegedly committed – it […]

Disclosure

At this stage, we deem it necessary to expound on the meaning of ‘disclosure’. As per P. Ramanatha Aiyar, ‘to disclose’ is to expose to view or knowledge, anything which before was secret, hidden or concealed. The word ‘disclosure’ means to reveal, unravel or bring to notice [CIT v. Bimal Kumar Damani, (2003) 261 ITR […]

Accused No. 37, Mastermind Naidu

Case of State against Nara Chandrababu Naidu is, Naidu was a mastermind. Learned Senior Advocate, Mr. Mukul Rohtagi argued, since, at time of commission of offence, protective shield of Section 17A of The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 was not in force, Naidu could not claim benefits thereof. I do not accept. It has been already observed by me, […]

25 Lakhs for Supreme Court

It is time to check with firmness, litigation initiated and laced with concealment, falsehood and forum hunting. This unnecessary turning of a civil matter into a criminal case not only overburdens criminal justice system but violates principles of fairness and right conduct in legal matters. It will set a harmful precedent if not addressed. Karan […]

Pardon Jurisprudence IV

“The finest hour of rule of law is when law disciplines life and matches promise with performance.” A woman deserves respect. Bilkis Yakub Rasool, being an unfortunate victim of heinous crimes, is challenging en-masse remission granted to Respondent Nos. 3 to 13. The place of occurrence of an incident or place of imprisonment are not […]

Adani Group of Companies

‘Acceptance of a Brief by a Lawyer’ in 2007 cannot be construed to reflect ‘bias’ or even a ‘likelihood of bias’ in 2023. There is an absence of proximity both in terms of time and subject matter. Writ Petitions filed before this Court raised concerns over precipitate decline in investor wealth and volatility in share […]

The Nature of Judicial Power: Hon’ble Justice Dipankar Datta’s Definitive Dissent

It is essential to emphasize, while Afjal did not enumerate any material facts regarding ‘irreversible consequences’, High Courts or Supreme Court are well empowered to take judicial notice of consequences. – Hon’ble Justices Surya Kant and Ujjal Bhuyan, Afjal Ansari v. State of Uttar Pradesh, [Criminal Appeal No. 3838 of 2023]. Surya Kant J’s Judgment […]

Referred to Larger Bench XXV Answered Again: Doctrine of Separability of Arbitration Agreement

Curative Petition (C) No. 44 of 2023 Review Petition (C) No. 704 of 2021 Civil Appeal No. 1599 of 2020 _____ Approach of Majority in N.N. Global 2 would render unstamped agreements void ab initio and not void. _____ We enter into contracts or agreements several times in our interactions with others. To hold an […]

Referred to Larger Bench XXVIII Answered: Chloro Controls

Vladimir Nabokov and T.S. Elliot eulogized Ulysses as a divine work of art. Virginia Woolf and Aldous Huxley criticized Ulysses for being technical and boring. It is celebrated by some, reviled by many others. Yet, its legacy continues. The Doctrine of Group of Companies. It provides, an Arbitration Agreement which is entered into by a Company within a Group […]

Honourable Acquittal VI

“Expressions like ‘benefit of doubt’ and ‘honourably acquitted’ are not to be understood as magic incantations. Court of law will not be carried away by mere use of such terminology. Court is obliged to examine substance.” _____ My Lord, Ram Lal altered Date of Birth from 21.04.1974 to 21.04.1972 in 8th Standard Marksheet? No. Ram Lal was a Constable […]

Scheduled Offences

Learned Senior Counsel, Ms. Meenakshi Arora contended, Section 120B of IPC alone, in absence of any other scheduled offence, cannot sustain a charge under The Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002. Learned Additional Solicitor General argued, as Section 120B of IPC is included in Part A to Schedule, even if allegation is of making a criminal […]

Minakshi Bala, (1994) 4 SCC 142

A case for interference has been made out. The symbol for Indian National Rupee symbol [₹] was not in existence when purported ‘Memorandum of Agreement of Tenancy’ was signed. Minakshi Bala v Sudhir Kumar, (1994) 4 SCC 142: “Court cannot usurp functions of a Trial Court to delve into and decide upon respective merits.” Court […]

Oye Lucky!

Laxman Bisht aka Lucky Bisht was born in 1985 in Boongli, located in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand. Father had worked with Ministry of Defence. Grandfather was a Subedar with Indian Army. 12th December, 2003 – Lucky was sent a call letter, asking him to report to Dimapur, Nagaland. 19th April, 2004 – Cadets were taken to Delhi International Airport. An IL-76, introduced in India by Indira Gandhi, […]

Contracts of Insurance VII

Notably, in earlier cases like Galada Power and Telecommunication Ltd. v. United India Insurance Co. Ltd., (2016) 14 SCC 161 and Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. v. National Insurance Co. Ltd., (2019) 19 SCC 70 it was declared, new grounds for repudiation cannot be introduced during hearing if they were not included in repudiation letter. This legal […]

Claim of Juvenility VII

Since, at commencement of 2015 Act, proceedings were pending before High Court, Section 25 of 2015 Act would be attracted [Satya Deo v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (2020) 10 SCC 555]. It would mean, The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 would be applicable including Rule 12. This aspect has also been […]

Anticipatory Bail III

There can be no presumption, wealthy and mighty will submit themselves to trial and humble and poor will run away from course of justice. In this case, we are concerned with what is loosely termed as ‘transit anticipatory bail’. If ‘anticipatory bail’ is not a defined expression, it is quite natural, ‘transit anticipatory bail’ would […]

The Rules of The Game Principle IX

Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission invited applications from eligible candidates against 8 vacancies for a post of Civil Judge (Junior Division) in Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service. Out of total 8 vacancies, 6 were ‘existing vacancies’ and 2 were ‘anticipated vacancies’. The purpose of a ‘waiting list’ is only to fill shortfall of ‘clear and anticipated […]

The Last Word

A Diversion for Lawyers and Others